2009 ktm 200 xc w

looking for 200+$ amazon gcs, POST BEFORE PM OR I WILL IGNORE IT.
lmk rates.

Free media mail shipping on orders over $50 and half off shipping for all figures shipping (US shipping only for both). I'm also VERY willing to negotiate on larger orders (especially figures), so please don't hesitate to ask or make an offer!
Prices do not include shipping. I am VERY willing to negotiate on price for the figures. If you're interested, please let me know regardless of my asking price and we can discuss it. Figure prices are based on ebay and not in-depth research, so they aren't firm by any means.
These items were kept in a smoke-free, pet-friendly environment. Please ask if you have specific questions or would like additional pictures. I prefer not to split, but I may be willing on a case-by-case basis.
I'm almost to my financial goal so I can move across the country! I appreciate you helping me get there!
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Manga
11th Cat 1-5 (complete) - $25 https://imgur.com/a/Ke6OGIo
Ai Yori Aoshi 1-7 - $35 https://imgur.com/a/N6IoXaq
Alice & Zoroku 1-2 - $13 https://imgur.com/a/VyWAXdQ
Angel Diary 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/RxWPQrw
Baccano 1 (light novel, hardback) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/TNU4jwA
Bakuman 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/a4aTYpm
Battle Rabbits 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/a4aTYpm
Beauty and the Feast 1 - $7 https://imgur.com/a/a4aTYpm
Black Butler 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/nvyV1Ns
Blue Period 1-4 - $28 https://imgur.com/a/VQnUeML
Bottom-Tier Character Tomozaki 1 (light novel) - $7 https://imgur.com/a/dBySQM0
Bungo Stray Dogs 1-2 - $14 https://imgur.com/a/UKHMA1x
Bus Gamer (standalone) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/AF0N5iJ
Cantarella 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/0X7zrGX
Clockwork Planet 1 (light novel) - $7 https://imgur.com/a/xxDlkm7
Conditions of Paradise, The (standalone) - $7 https://imgur.com/a/vQdMODO
Culdcept 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/bn938Sc
Days of Love at Seagull Villa 1-3 (complete) - $21 https://imgur.com/a/E4gDYNJ
Demonizer Zilch 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/wgGBO0X
Descendants of Darkness 1-3 - $15 https://imgur.com/a/OiS24qq
Di Gi Charat 1-4 (complete) - $20 https://imgur.com/a/2dUC1xD
Dictatorial Grimoire (standalone omnibus) - $13 https://imgur.com/a/OTkWz9R
Dimension W 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/BOznjTX
Dororo: The Omnibus Edition (standalone) - $15 https://imgur.com/a/B3uBOFV
Dragon Knights 1-7 - $35 https://imgur.com/a/fDYhHU5
Dragonar Academy 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/XcSD3j3
Fairy Tale Battle Royale 1-4 - $24 https://imgur.com/a/y2Zd6gW
Fall in Love Like a Comic 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/zTJmZVj
Fiance of the Wizard 1 - $6 https://imgur.com/a/riFTHhg
Four-Eyed Prince 1-3 - $15 https://imgur.com/a/UYNwKmw
Free Collars Kingdom 1-3 (complete) - $15 https://imgur.com/a/bgEeeio
Frieren: Beyond Jounrey's End 1 - $6 https://imgur.com/a/FpxoWzt
Fruits Basket omnibus 1-4, 9-10 - $72 https://imgur.com/a/E4SmjpL
Galaxy Angel 1-3 - $15 https://imgur.com/a/IgfaAP6
Galaxy Angel Beta 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/dInlUT0
Genkaku Picasso - $15 https://imgur.com/a/oahQK7s
Goblin Slayer Side Story: Year One 1-2 (light novel) - $15 https://imgur.com/a/2g9gRwa
Gravitation: Voice of Temptation (light novel, Gravitation side story) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/GDeeIj9
Gunparade March 1-3 (complete) + Last Dance Gunparade - $20 https://imgur.com/a/YH9OyER
Higurashi When They Cry 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/KMkFlDB
Hot Gimmick 1-4 omnibus editions + Hot Gimmick S (complete) - $45 https://imgur.com/a/fUfA48Y
I O N (standalone) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/VOGxAFw
Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon 1-3 (light novel) (volumes 4-5 in pictures have been sold) - $21 https://imgur.com/a/RHekce2
Isolator, The 1 (hardback, light novel) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/ZqcquPQ
Junk 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/wCuY8lz
Kare First Love 1-2 - $10https://imgur.com/a/riFTHhg
Kare Kano 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/qNDEpfx
Kashimashi 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/omQMbbT
Kilala Princess 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/YrYh1A0
KonKon Kokon 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/ed2EpQo
Kujibiki Unbalance 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/UC17mXN
Lagoon Engine Einsatz (standalone) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/45Rieuw
Le Chevalier d'Eon 1-2 - $15 https://imgur.com/a/qL5sf8r
Little Witch Academia: The Nonsensical Witch and the Country of the Fairies (light novel) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/GYitYVX
Loner Life in Another World - (light novel) $7 https://imgur.com/a/GDeeIj9
Love Master A 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/XeBLF6n
Love Roma 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/IpSsafb
Loveholic 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/yrZNTK7
Loveless 1-4 (two 2-in-1 omnnibuses) - $17 https://imgur.com/a/h5Qy7WK
Maga-Tsuki 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/N4K6183
Magia the Ninth 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/nRBybq2
Mamotte Shugogetten 1 - $6 https://imgur.com/a/mdxoGzY
Mayo Chiki 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/gASgqrH
Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, The 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/YTsrVBX
Milky Way Hitchhiking 1-2 (vol 3 was never released, so complete-ish?) - $35 https://imgur.com/a/0jeHi0h
Monster Girl Doctor 1 (light novel) - $7 https://imgur.com/a/ZqcquPQ
My Androgynous Boyfriend 1 - $7 https://imgur.com/a/vyrkiDf
My Little Monster 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/I5SolSm
My-Hime 1-5 (complete) - $25 https://imgur.com/a/rNjIhoK
Nana 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/I5SolSm
Negima 1-20 + Negiho - $95 https://imgur.com/a/DfXlBW6
Nirvana 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/omQMbbT
Nosatsu Junkie 1-4 - $20 https://imgur.com/a/pBx6FMx
Now Loading (standalone) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/vyrkiDf
Nurse Hitomi's Monster Infirmary 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/ed2EpQo
Occultic;Nine 1 (light novel) - $7 https://imgur.com/a/ZqcquPQ
One Fine Day 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/DBLgaJm
Otome Mania 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/AI375f5
Ouran High School Host Club 1-11 - $55 https://imgur.com/a/wlF3JE5
Pandora in the Crimson Shell 1 - $6 https://imgur.com/a/omQMbbT
Penguin Revolution 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/lnpu6q7
PHD: Phantasy Degree - $5 https://imgur.com/a/chcr1Im
Pokemon The Rise of Darkrai - $5 https://imgur.com/a/bgWQiWK
Psychic Academy 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/omQMbbT
Punch 1-3 (complete) - $15https://imgur.com/a/08Rkj15
Re:Zero 1 (manga) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/Il2rTuz
Re:Zero 1-2 (light novel) (volume 2 from pictures has been sold) - $21 https://imgur.com/a/MZHiU5n
RG Veda 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/qL5sf8r
Rising of the Shield Hero, The 1 (manga) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/Il2rTuz
Saint Young Men 1-6 (hardbacks) - $80 https://imgur.com/a/l3d7gOt
Saiyuki Reload 1-9 (complete in US publication, heavy sun-fading and damage) - $25 https://imgur.com/a/mqLOGUs
Sakura Hime 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/OqzMOjn
Samurai Deeper Kyo 1-9 - $45 https://imgur.com/a/jghft6x
Samurai Girl Real Bout High School 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/98JIhAy
Satan's Secretary 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/KDvRsgO
Sayonara Zetsubou-Sensei 1 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/GYitYVX
School Judgement 1-3 (complete) - $15 https://imgur.com/a/GzqWCCf
Secret Sakura Shares, The (standalone) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/pfTfI9f
Secretly I've Been Suffering About Being Sexless (standalone) - $8 https://imgur.com/a/DBLgaJm
Servant X Service 1 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/pfTfI9f
SGT Frog 1-7, 11, 16, 19 - $50 (volumes 20-21 have been sold) https://imgur.com/a/r99bGkp
Shugo Chara 1-4, 7 - $28 https://imgur.com/a/QfUsIfU
Slumbering Beauty 1-2 (complete) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/qox5eZn
Songs To Make You Smile (standalone) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/DBLgaJm
Species Domain 1-7 - $50 https://imgur.com/a/R92fng9
Spirit Circle 1 - $6 https://imgur.com/a/wDCptpP
Stupid Love Comedy (standalone) - $13 https://imgur.com/a/xi1Wyf7
Sugar Sugar Rune 1 - $20 https://imgur.com/a/qL5sf8r
Suzuka 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/xi1Wyf7
Tale of an Unknown Country, A 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/AI375f5
There's a Demon Lord on the Floor 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/vyrkiDf
Threads of Time 1-11 (complete) - $55 https://imgur.com/a/7G8dWeu
Tokyo Boys &; Girls 1-3 - $15 https://imgur.com/a/l7dFWUd
Ultra Kaiju 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/GYitYVX
Ultra Maniac 1 - $4 https://imgur.com/a/Ev1F9PM
Unmagical Girl 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/DBLgaJm
Vampire Game 1-15 (complete) - $70 https://imgur.com/a/6Rskl12
Vampire Knight 1-4 - $20 https://imgur.com/a/AvwkuaH
Versailles of the Dead 1-2 - $12 https://imgur.com/a/xrvEAAs
Voices of a Distant Star, The (standalone) - $5 https://imgur.com/a/GDeeIj9
Wallflower, The 1-10, 13, 16, 19 - $52 - (volumes 11,12,and 18 from the pictures have been sold) Part 1 https://imgur.com/a/t7qKOWx Part 2 https://imgur.com/a/TDqwDzR
Wandering Witch: The Journey of Elaina 1-2 - $12 https://imgur.com/a/aL5EgKw
What's Michael? Fatcat Collection 1-2 (complete) - $20 https://imgur.com/a/B3uBOFV
Whispered Words 1-3 (complete) - $30 https://imgur.com/a/nRjh4UG
Witch Buster 1-2 omnibus - $8 https://imgur.com/a/U8y4ItZ
Wild Ones 1 - $5 https://imgur.com/a/comGEdA
Witch's Printing House, A 1 - $8 https://imgur.com/a/xi1Wyf7
World of Narue 1-2 - $10 https://imgur.com/a/aL5EgKw
​
Misc. Books
Nendoroid - My First Doll: Clothing Patterns - $20 https://imgur.com/a/yIlVI2d
Start with 12 Colors The First Copic Color illustration Book - $10 (the coloring pages have been removed from the book, but they are included and uncolored; one has a wrinkled corner) https://imgur.com/a/K9YEtKY
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Anime
Cowboy Bebop Remix DVD + Cowboy Bebop Movie DVD - $10 https://imgur.com/a/CQeHpI8
Final Fantasy Advent Children Complete BD - $5 https://imgur.com/a/CQeHpI8
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Nendoroids
Dramatical Murder Clear 597 - $105 https://imgur.com/a/cvVIo4F
Durara!! x2 Celty 513 - $75 https://imgur.com/a/cvVIo4F
Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask Link 553 - $65 https://imgur.com/a/jCbd7az
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Play Arts Kai (Final Fantasy VII Advent Children)
Arms - $70 https://imgur.com/a/2mbvOqp
Barret - $100 https://imgur.com/a/TBGdvJx
Cloud - $150 https://imgur.com/a/7dQ4PTT
Red XIII (glue on side of box has dried, causing it to open; tape is still in place) - $110 https://imgur.com/a/r2zwQKj
Tifa - $250 https://imgur.com/a/hPt8Not
Sephiroth - $130 https://imgur.com/a/q44KxW2
Vincent - $175 https://imgur.com/a/KNnzjc1
​
Misc Figures
Code Geass Lelouche Lamperouge Code Black 1st Life Encore ver (Kotobukiya) - $120 https://imgur.com/a/z4HVlnx
Code Geass Lelouche Lamperouge/Zero/Kururugi Suzaku 10th Anniversary (Megahouse) - $200 https://imgur.com/a/rhKYnpB
Dragon's Crown Elf Another Color Version (Megahouse) - $130 https://imgur.com/a/O8aInUv
Final Fantasy Master Arms Seifer's Gunblade (Square Enix) - $35 https://imgur.com/a/YGkfxBy
Hyakka Ryouran Tokugawa Sen (Alter) - $75 https://imgur.com/a/3gc2fBB
Hyakka Ryouran Tokugawa Sen Sadistic Succubus Ver. (Alter) - $105 https://imgur.com/a/KXWUCH7
Hyakka Ryouran Yagyu Jubei (Megahouse) - $100 https://imgur.com/a/49ZpBn2
Kingdom Hearts II Sora Static Arts Gallery - $100 https://imgur.com/a/TVG2lF8
Legend of Zelda Twilight Princess Ganandorf (Dark Horse/Together+) - $250 https://imgur.com/a/otRy1NN
Neon Genesis Evangelion Makinami Mari Illustrious (Max Factory) - $175 https://imgur.com/a/4Yhr9YI
Rail Wars Aoi Sakura - $125 https://imgur.com/a/7FtyAUd
Senki Zesshou Symphogear GX Kazanari Tsubasa Ame no Habakiri (Bell Fine) - $150 https://imgur.com/a/kEyTyTU
Senki Zesshou Symphogear GX Yukine Chris - Ichaival Ver. (Bell Fine) - $130 https://imgur.com/a/b9rAzQX
Ultra Kaiju Guts Seijin (Surprise Next) - $170 https://imgur.com/a/GWtNu4B
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Plush (missing tags; I might still have them though, so I will include them if I find them)
Kemono Friends Iwatobi Penguin Mega Jumbo Nesoberi - $10 https://imgur.com/a/VC9zgGl
Pokemon Eevee (Banpresto) - $10 https://imgur.com/a/bRFsR6s

Good evening! Got some extra stuff that I need to offload to loving homes.
Sionics bcg / FCD ACF have around 200 rounds through them. Hot Button has a bit of FDE spray on the wire and it's a little kinky (oh behave!) from the wire guides/routing. Doesn't affect performance at all. If you want the wire guides + hot button I'll cut you a deal.
https://imgur.com/a/z7ZZR2t
Parts:

• Sionics phosphate bcg w/ FCD np3 cam pin $135
• Unity Hot Button FDE picatinny $80
• FCD ACF in FDE $80
• Haley Strategic Thorntail QD picatinny sling mount $40
• 2x Arson Machine wire guides picatinny double clamp tano $35
• Hot Button + 2x Wire Guides $105

Prices are all OBO PayPaled FF (no notes!) and shipped to you.
Let me know if there are any questions and thanks for looking.

https://imgur.com/a/noXgQot
S&W M&P 15 Sport II 5.56x45 NATO 1/9 twist
Purchased from a friend new, came off from the CA version, hence no threaded barrel. 200 rounds through it $270 shipped
LBX Black Multicam 2-Point Sling
New $20 shipped SOLD
Magpul MOE M-LOK Hand Guard FDE & Strike Link Anchor Hand Stop
Bought new, 200 shots through it. Comes with box, no box for hand stop. Sells as a pair $36 shipped
Strike Mini King Comp 5.56
NiB $36 shipped
Hera Arms CQR Gen 1 FDE
No box, 200 shots through. CA compliant version $77 shipped
Geissele Super Precision Scope Mount 34mm Black 05-417
Catch and release, new with no box, needed a 30mm mount instead. $260 shipped

Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium radioactively decays by emitting an alpha particle. The half-life of this decay varies between 159,200 and 4.5 billion years for different isotopes, making them useful for dating the age of the Earth. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99% of uranium on Earth) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons). Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.[6] Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 is the only naturally occurring fissile isotope, which makes it widely used in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons. However, because of the tiny concentrations found in nature, uranium needs to undergo enrichment so that enough uranium-235 is present. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another fissile isotope, uranium-233, can be produced from natural thorium and is studied for future industrial use in nuclear technology. Uranium-238 has a small probability for spontaneous fission or even induced fission with fast neutrons; uranium-235, and to a lesser degree uranium-233, have a much higher fission cross-section for slow neutrons. In sufficient concentration, these isotopes maintain a sustained nuclear chain reaction. This generates the heat in nuclear power reactors, and produces the fissile material for nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium (238U) is used in kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating.[7][8]
The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the recently discovered planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. Dismantling of these weapons and related nuclear facilities is carried out within various nuclear disarmament programs and costs billions of dollars. Weapon-grade uranium obtained from nuclear weapons is diluted with uranium-238 and reused as fuel for nuclear reactors. The development and deployment of these nuclear reactors continue on a global base as they are powerful sources of CO2-free energy. Spent nuclear fuel forms radioactive waste, which mostly consists of uranium-238 and poses significant health threat and environmental impact. Uranium is a silvery white, weakly radioactive metal. It has a Mohs hardness of 6, sufficient to scratch glass and approximately equal to that of titanium, rhodium, manganese and niobium. It is malleable, ductile, slightly paramagnetic, strongly electropositive and a poor electrical conductor.[9][10] Uranium metal has a very high density of 19.1 g/cm3,[11] denser than lead (11.3 g/cm3),[12] but slightly less dense than tungsten and gold (19.3 g/cm3).[13][14]
Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with the exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature.[15] Hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve uranium, but non-oxidizing acids other than hydrochloric acid attack the element very slowly.[9] When finely divided, it can react with cold water; in air, uranium metal becomes coated with a dark layer of uranium oxide.[10] Uranium in ores is extracted chemically and converted into uranium dioxide or other chemical forms usable in industry.
Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control).
As little as 15 lb (6.8 kg) of uranium-235 can be used to make an atomic bomb.[16] The nuclear weapon detonated over Hiroshima, called Little Boy, relied on uranium fission. However, the first nuclear bomb (the Gadget used at Trinity) and the bomb that was detonated over Nagasaki (Fat Man) were both plutonium bombs.
Uranium metal has three allotropic forms:[17]
α (orthorhombic) stable up to 668 °C (1,234 °F). Orthorhombic, space group No. 63, Cmcm, lattice parameters a = 285.4 pm, b = 587 pm, c = 495.5 pm.[18] β (tetragonal) stable from 668 to 775 °C (1,234 to 1,427 °F). Tetragonal, space group P42/mnm, P42nm, or P4n2, lattice parameters a = 565.6 pm, b = c = 1075.9 pm.[18] γ (body-centered cubic) from 775 °C (1,427 °F) to melting point—this is the most malleable and ductile state. Body-centered cubic, lattice parameter a = 352.4 pm.[18]
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum.[19] At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil[8][20][21][22] (see Gulf War syndrome).[16]
Depleted uranium is also used as a shielding material in some containers used to store and transport radioactive materials. While the metal itself is radioactive, its high density makes it more effective than lead in halting radiation from strong sources such as radium.[9] Other uses of depleted uranium include counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as ballast for missile re-entry vehicles and as a shielding material.[10] Due to its high density, this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses.[10] Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost.[23] The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter).
During the later stages of World War II, the entire Cold War, and to a lesser extent afterwards, uranium-235 has been used as the fissile explosive material to produce nuclear weapons. Initially, two major types of fission bombs were built: a relatively simple device that uses uranium-235 and a more complicated mechanism that uses plutonium-239 derived from uranium-238. Later, a much more complicated and far more powerful type of fission/fusion bomb (thermonuclear weapon) was built, that uses a plutonium-based device to cause a mixture of tritium and deuterium to undergo nuclear fusion. Such bombs are jacketed in a non-fissile (unenriched) uranium case, and they derive more than half their power from the fission of this material by fast neutrons from the nuclear fusion process.[24]
The main use of uranium in the civilian sector is to fuel nuclear power plants. One kilogram of uranium-235 can theoretically produce about 20 terajoules of energy (2×1013 joules), assuming complete fission; as much energy as 1.5 million kilograms (1,500 tonnes) of coal.[7]
Commercial nuclear power plants use fuel that is typically enriched to around 3% uranium-235.[7] The CANDU and Magnox designs are the only commercial reactors capable of using unenriched uranium fuel. Fuel used for United States Navy reactors is typically highly enriched in uranium-235 (the exact values are classified). In a breeder reactor, uranium-238 can also be converted into plutonium through the following reaction:[10]
Before (and, occasionally, after) the discovery of radioactivity, uranium was primarily used in small amounts for yellow glass and pottery glazes, such as uranium glass and in Fiestaware.[25]
The discovery and isolation of radium in uranium ore (pitchblende) by Marie Curie sparked the development of uranium mining to extract the radium, which was used to make glow-in-the-dark paints for clock and aircraft dials.[26][27] This left a prodigious quantity of uranium as a waste product, since it takes three tonnes of uranium to extract one gram of radium. This waste product was diverted to the glazing industry, making uranium glazes very inexpensive and abundant. Besides the pottery glazes, uranium tile glazes accounted for the bulk of the use, including common bathroom and kitchen tiles which can be produced in green, yellow, mauve, black, blue, red and other colors.
Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner),[10] in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs,[28] to improve the appearance of dentures,[29] and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes. Uranium salts are mordants of silk or wool. Uranyl acetate and uranyl formate are used as electron-dense "stains" in transmission electron microscopy, to increase the contrast of biological specimens in ultrathin sections and in negative staining of viruses, isolated cell organelles and macromolecules.
The discovery of the radioactivity of uranium ushered in additional scientific and practical uses of the element. The long half-life of the isotope uranium-238 (4.47×109 years) makes it well-suited for use in estimating the age of the earliest igneous rocks and for other types of radiometric dating, including uranium–thorium dating, uranium–lead dating and uranium–uranium dating. Uranium metal is used for X-ray targets in the making of high-energy X-rays.[10]
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used in the Roman Empire to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes.[10] Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.[30] Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry.[31] In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines. Mining for uranium in the Ore Mountains ceased on the German side after the Cold War ended and SDAG Wismut was wound down. On the Czech side there were attempts during the uranium price bubble of 2007 to restart mining, but those were quickly abandoned following a fall in uranium prices.[32][33]
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide.[31] Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium).[31][34] He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.[35]
In 1841, Eugène-Melchior Péligot, Professor of Analytical Chemistry at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Central School of Arts and Manufactures) in Paris, isolated the first sample of uranium metal by heating uranium tetrachloride with potassium.[31][36]
Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity by using uranium in 1896.[15] Becquerel made the discovery in Paris by leaving a sample of a uranium salt, K2UO2(SO4)2 (potassium uranyl sulfate), on top of an unexposed photographic plate in a drawer and noting that the plate had become "fogged".[37] He determined that a form of invisible light or rays emitted by uranium had exposed the plate.
During World War I when the Central Powers suffered a shortage of molybdenum to make artillery gun barrels and high speed tool steels they routinely substituted ferrouranium alloys which present many of the same physical characteristics. When this practice became known in 1916 the USA government requested several prominent universities to research these uses for uranium and tools made with these formulas remained in use for several decades only ending when the Manhattan Project and the Cold War placed a large demand on uranium for fission research and weapon development.[38][39][40]
A team led by Enrico Fermi in 1934 observed that bombarding uranium with neutrons produces the emission of beta rays (electrons or positrons from the elements produced; see beta particle).[41] The fission products were at first mistaken for new elements with atomic numbers 93 and 94, which the Dean of the Faculty of Rome, Orso Mario Corbino, christened ausonium and hesperium, respectively.[42][43][44][45] The experiments leading to the discovery of uranium's ability to fission (break apart) into lighter elements and release binding energy were conducted by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann[41] in Hahn's laboratory in Berlin. Lise Meitner and her nephew, the physicist Otto Robert Frisch, published the physical explanation in February 1939 and named the process "nuclear fission".[46] Soon after, Fermi hypothesized that the fission of uranium might release enough neutrons to sustain a fission reaction. Confirmation of this hypothesis came in 1939, and later work found that on average about 2.5 neutrons are released by each fission of the rare uranium isotope uranium-235.[41] Fermi urged Alfred O. C. Nier to separate uranium isotopes for determination of the fissile component, and on 29 February 1940, Nier used an instrument he built at the University of Minnesota to separate the world's first uranium-235 sample in the Tate Laboratory. After mailed to Columbia University's cyclotron, John Dunning confirmed the sample to be the isolated fissile material on 1 March.[47] Further work found that the far more common uranium-238 isotope can be transmuted into plutonium, which, like uranium-235, is also fissile by thermal neutrons. These discoveries led numerous countries to begin working on the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power. Despite fission having been discovered in Germany, the Uranverein ("uranium club") Germany's wartime project to research nuclear power and/or weapons was hampered by limited resources, infighting, the exile or non-involvement of several prominent scientists in the field and several crucial mistakes such as failing to account for impurities in available graphite samples which made it appear less suitable as a neutron moderator than it is in reality. Germany's attempts to build a natural uranium / heavy water reactor had not come close to reaching criticality by the time the Americans reached Haigerloch, the site of the last German wartime reactor experiment.[48]
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. An initial plan using enriched uranium-235 was abandoned as it was as yet unavailable in sufficient quantities.[49] Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 360 tonnes of graphite, 53 tonnes of uranium oxide, and 5.5 tonnes of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.[41][50]
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of trinitrotoluene, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki).[37] Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.[51][52]
The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951.[53] Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III, another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory).[54][55] The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956,[56] and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954.[41][57]
Prehistoric naturally occurring fission Main article: Natural nuclear fission reactor In 1972, the French physicist Francis Perrin discovered fifteen ancient and no longer active natural nuclear fission reactors in three separate ore deposits at the Oklo mine in Gabon, West Africa, collectively known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors. The ore deposit is 1.7 billion years old; then, uranium-235 constituted about 3% of the total uranium on Earth.[58] This is high enough to permit a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction to occur, provided other supporting conditions exist. The capacity of the surrounding sediment to contain the health-threatening nuclear waste products has been cited by the U.S. federal government as supporting evidence for the feasibility to store spent nuclear fuel at the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.[58]
Above-ground nuclear tests by the Soviet Union and the United States in the 1950s and early 1960s and by France into the 1970s and 1980s[23] spread a significant amount of fallout from uranium daughter isotopes around the world.[59] Additional fallout and pollution occurred from several nuclear accidents.[60]
Uranium miners have a higher incidence of cancer. An excess risk of lung cancer among Navajo uranium miners, for example, has been documented and linked to their occupation.[61] The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, a 1990 law in the US, required $100,000 in "compassion payments" to uranium miners diagnosed with cancer or other respiratory ailments.[62]
During the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. After the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metric tons) of highly enriched weapons grade uranium (enough to make 40,000 nuclear warheads) had been stored in often inadequately guarded facilities in the Russian Federation and several other former Soviet states.[16] Police in Asia, Europe, and South America on at least 16 occasions from 1993 to 2005 have intercepted shipments of smuggled bomb-grade uranium or plutonium, most of which was from ex-Soviet sources.[16] From 1993 to 2005 the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program, operated by the federal government of the United States, spent approximately US $550 million to help safeguard uranium and plutonium stockpiles in Russia. This money was used for improvements and security enhancements at research and storage facilities.[16]
Safety of nuclear facilities in Russia has been significantly improved since the stabilization of political and economical turmoil of the early 1990s. For example, in 1993 there were 29 incidents ranking above level 1 on the International Nuclear Event Scale, and this number dropped under four per year in 1995–2003. The number of employers receiving annual radiation doses above 20 mSv, which is equivalent to a single full-body CT scan,[63] saw a strong decline around 2000. In November 2015, the Russian government approved a federal program for nuclear and radiation safety for 2016 to 2030 with a budget of 562 billion rubles (ca. 8 billion dollars). Its key issue is "the deferred liabilities accumulated during the 70 years of the nuclear industry, particularly during the time of the Soviet Union". Approximately 73% of the budget will be spent on decommissioning aged and obsolete nuclear reactors and nuclear facilities, especially those involved in state defense programs; 20% will go in processing and disposal of nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, and 5% into monitoring and ensuring of nuclear and radiation safety.[64]
Along with all elements having atomic weights higher than that of iron, uranium is only naturally formed by the r-process (rapid neutron capture) in supernovae and neutron star mergers.[65] Primordial thorium and uranium are only produced in the r-process, because the s-process (slow neutron capture) is too slow and cannot pass the gap of instability after bismuth.[66][67] Besides the two extant primordial uranium isotopes, 235U and 238U, the r-process also produced significant quantities of 236U, which has a shorter half-life and so is an extinct radionuclide, having long since decayed completely to 232Th. Uranium-236 was itself enriched by the decay of 244Pu, accounting for the observed higher-than-expected abundance of thorium and lower-than-expected abundance of uranium.[68] While the natural abundance of uranium has been supplemented by the decay of extinct 242Pu (half-life 0.375 million years) and 247Cm (half-life 16 million years), producing 238U and 235U respectively, this occurred to an almost negligible extent due to the shorter half-lives of these parents and their lower production than 236U and 244Pu, the parents of thorium: the 247Cm:235U ratio at the formation of the Solar System was (7.0±1.6)×10−5.[69]
Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements.[10] The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in the Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat[70][71] that keeps the Earth's outer core in the liquid state and drives mantle convection, which in turn drives plate tectonics.
Uranium's average concentration in the Earth's crust is (depending on the reference) 2 to 4 parts per million,[9][23] or about 40 times as abundant as silver.[15] The Earth's crust from the surface to 25 km (15 mi) down is calculated to contain 1017 kg (2×1017 lb) of uranium while the oceans may contain 1013 kg (2×1013 lb).[9] The concentration of uranium in soil ranges from 0.7 to 11 parts per million (up to 15 parts per million in farmland soil due to use of phosphate fertilizers),[72] and its concentration in sea water is 3 parts per billion.[23]
Uranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum.[10][23] Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite.[10] Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such as lignite, and monazite sands in uranium-rich ores[10] (it is recovered commercially from sources with as little as 0.1% uranium[15]).
Some bacteria, such as Shewanella putrefaciens, Geobacter metallireducens and some strains of Burkholderia fungorum, use uranium for their growth and convert U(VI) to U(IV).[73][74] Recent research suggests that this pathway includes reduction of the soluble U(VI) via an intermediate U(V) pentavalent state.[75][76] Other organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment.[77] Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphates). After one day, one gram of bacteria can encrust themselves with nine grams of uranyl phosphate crystals; this creates the possibility that these organisms could be used in bioremediation to decontaminate uranium-polluted water.[31][78] The proteobacterium Geobacter has also been shown to bioremediate uranium in ground water.[79] The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices increases uranium content in the roots of its symbiotic plant.[80]
In nature, uranium(VI) forms highly soluble carbonate complexes at alkaline pH. This leads to an increase in mobility and availability of uranium to groundwater and soil from nuclear wastes which leads to health hazards. However, it is difficult to precipitate uranium as phosphate in the presence of excess carbonate at alkaline pH. A Sphingomonas sp. strain BSAR-1 has been found to express a high activity alkaline phosphatase (PhoK) that has been applied for bioprecipitation of uranium as uranyl phosphate species from alkaline solutions. The precipitation ability was enhanced by overexpressing PhoK protein in E. coli.[81]
Plants absorb some uranium from soil. Dry weight concentrations of uranium in plants range from 5 to 60 parts per billion, and ash from burnt wood can have concentrations up to 4 parts per million.[31] Dry weight concentrations of uranium in food plants are typically lower with one to two micrograms per day ingested through the food people eat.[31]
Production and mining Main article: Uranium mining Worldwide production of uranium in 2021 amounted to 48,332 tonnes, of which 21,819 t (45%) was mined in Kazakhstan. Other important urmom mining countries are Namibia (5,753 t), Canada (4,693 t), Australia (4,192 t), Uzbekistan (3,500 t), and Russia (2,635 t).[82]
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining).[7] Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore.[83] High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average.[84] Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.[85]
Commercial-grade uranium can be produced through the reduction of uranium halides with alkali or alkaline earth metals.[10] Uranium metal can also be prepared through electrolysis of KUF 5 or UF 4, dissolved in molten calcium chloride (CaCl 2) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.[10] Very pure uranium is produced through the thermal decomposition of uranium halides on a hot filament.[10]
It is estimated that 6.1 million tonnes of uranium exists in ore reserves that are economically viable at US$130 per kg of uranium,[87] while 35 million tonnes are classed as mineral resources (reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction).[88]
Australia has 28% of the world's known uranium ore reserves[87] and the world's largest single uranium deposit is located at the Olympic Dam Mine in South Australia.[89] There is a significant reserve of uranium in Bakouma, a sub-prefecture in the prefecture of Mbomou in the Central African Republic.[90]
Some uranium also originates from dismantled nuclear weapons.[91] For example, in 1993–2013 Russia supplied the United States with 15,000 tonnes of low-enriched uranium within the Megatons to Megawatts Program.[92]
An additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be dissolved in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible).[93][94] There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water,[95] but the yield has been low due to the carbonate present in the water. In 2012, ORNL researchers announced the successful development of a new absorbent material dubbed HiCap which performs surface retention of solid or gas molecules, atoms or ions and also effectively removes toxic metals from water, according to results verified by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.[96][97]
In 2005, ten countries accounted for the majority of the world's concentrated uranium oxides: Canada (27.9%), Australia (22.8%), Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%) and Ukraine (1.9%).[99] In 2008 Kazakhstan was forecast to increase production and become the world's largest supplier of uranium by 2009.[100][101] The prediction came true, and Kazakhstan does dominate the world's uranium market since 2010. In 2021, its share was 45.1%, followed by Namibia (11.9%), Canada (9.7%), Australia (8.7%), Uzbekistan (7.2%), Niger (4.7%), Russia (5.5%), China (3.9%), India (1.3%), Ukraine (0.9%), and South Africa (0.8%), with a world total production of 48,332 tonnes.[82] Most of uranium was produced not by conventional underground mining of ores (29% of production), but by in situ leaching (66%).[82][102]
In the late 1960s, UN geologists also discovered major uranium deposits and other rare mineral reserves in Somalia. The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.[103]
The ultimate available supply is believed to be sufficient for at least the next 85 years,[88] although some studies indicate underinvestment in the late twentieth century may produce supply problems in the 21st century.[104] Uranium deposits seem to be log-normal distributed. There is a 300-fold increase in the amount of uranium recoverable for each tenfold decrease in ore grade.[105] In other words, there is little high grade ore and proportionately much more low grade ore available.
Calcined uranium yellowcake, as produced in many large mills, contains a distribution of uranium oxidation species in various forms ranging from most oxidized to least oxidized. Particles with short residence times in a calciner will generally be less oxidized than those with long retention times or particles recovered in the stack scrubber. Uranium content is usually referenced to U 3O 8, which dates to the days of the Manhattan Project when U 3O 8 was used as an analytical chemistry reporting standard.[106]
Phase relationships in the uranium-oxygen system are complex. The most important oxidation states of uranium are uranium(IV) and uranium(VI), and their two corresponding oxides are, respectively, uranium dioxide (UO 2) and uranium trioxide (UO 3).[107] Other uranium oxides such as uranium monoxide (UO), diuranium pentoxide (U 2O 5), and uranium peroxide (UO 4·2H 2O) also exist.
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2.[108] Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel.[108] At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.[108]
Salts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+ 2 (unstable), and UO2+ 2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively.[109] A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for the formal oxidation state uranium(II), but no simple ions are known to exist in solution for that state. Ions of U3+ liberate hydrogen from water and are therefore considered to be highly unstable. The UO2+ 2 ion represents the uranium(VI) state and is known to form compounds such as uranyl carbonate, uranyl chloride and uranyl sulfate. UO2+ 2 also forms complexes with various organic chelating agents, the most commonly encountered of which is uranyl acetate.[109]
Unlike the uranyl salts of uranium and polyatomic ion uranium-oxide cationic forms, the uranates, salts containing a polyatomic uranium-oxide anion, are generally not water-soluble.
Carbonates The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution. While the vast majority of carbonates are insoluble in water (students are often taught that all carbonates other than those of alkali metals are insoluble in water), uranium carbonates are often soluble in water. This is because a U(VI) cation is able to bind two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates to form anionic complexes.
Effects of pH The uranium fraction diagrams in the presence of carbonate illustrate this further: when the pH of a uranium(VI) solution increases, the uranium is converted to a hydrated uranium oxide hydroxide and at high pHs it becomes an anionic hydroxide complex.
When carbonate is added, uranium is converted to a series of carbonate complexes if the pH is increased. One effect of these reactions is increased solubility of uranium in the pH range 6 to 8, a fact that has a direct bearing on the long term stability of spent uranium dioxide nuclear fuels.
Hydrides, carbides and nitrides Uranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitride, and halide compounds.[111] Two crystal modifications of uranium hydride exist: an α form that is obtained at low temperatures and a β form that is created when the formation temperature is above 250 °C.[111]
Uranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U 3O 8.[111] Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC 2), and diuranium tricarbide (U 2C 3). Both UC and UC 2 are formed by adding carbon to molten uranium or by exposing the metal to carbon monoxide at high temperatures. Stable below 1800 °C, U 2C 3 is prepared by subjecting a heated mixture of UC and UC 2 to mechanical stress.[112] Uranium nitrides obtained by direct exposure of the metal to nitrogen include uranium mononitride (UN), uranium dinitride (UN 2), and diuranium trinitride (U 2N 3).[112]

The tires are slightly worn with about 75% of tread life left, Takes natural gas only, 2 previous owners and it’s a fleet car. Only has about 60,000ish miles on it.

• 50 IQ8M’s w/ 400w QCells (rooftop)
• 10 - 20kwh (Encharge)
• 24kw Generac
• 200 amp backup load center
• 1 - 2 Enphase load controllers (drop out large/non-critical loads, there’s 4 sub panels on the home including a well and pool house). Manual load control may be part of the equation during backup. Still working out final load analysis and what configuration we can achieve with the load center.

The generation board in the controller will accommodate the generator output, Encharge(s), solar, NFT, Envoy breaker. Enphase recommends a quad breaker for the NFT & envoy to get all 5 240v OCPD’s onboard. Generator comms get wired directly to the 24v contacts in the controller. Utilizing IQ Controller for the generator control is a first for me.
Really excited about this one! Anyone installed a similar configuration?

Sorry this is super long
Demographics: Indian Male, suburban very competitive public high school in the Bay Area, graduating class of 500+, upper-middle-class family, no financial aid necessary
Intended Majors: Double Major in Mechanical Engineering and Business
Stats: 3.82 UW/ 4.4-4.5 W(school does not weight) (Second sem freshmen year was pretty bad but ever since then I’ve only gotten 1 B), School does not do ranks
SAT: 1430 (M:750, E:680) planning to retake
Coursework: 3 AP’s in school currently (APUSH, APENG, AP PHYS 1), 2 self-study APs (AP Micro, AP Macro), 2 Dual Enrollment (Spanish, BS054), 8 Honors Taken (all that were available to me so far), Taken all business classes offered at my school as 0 periods during both Sophomore and currently Junior year. No APs are offered at my school in Freshmen and Sophomore years other than AP Languages with preference given to Juniors and Seniors.
Awards: (random order) 1. 2023 DECA Districts Written 1st Place 2. 2023 DECA Districs Roleplay 2nd Place 3. 2023 DECA States Roleplay Finalist 4. Top 10/106 Regionally VBC Hotel 2023 Round 2 5. Top 30/272 Teams Nationally VBC Hotel 2023 Round 2 6. First Tech Challenge (FTC) Deans List Semi-Finalist 2023 7. Robotics Team Awards (Semifinalist Alliance Captain, Semifinalist Alliance Captain, Think Award 2rd Place, Inspire Award 3rd Place, Innovate Award sponsored by Raytheon Technologies 3rd Place, Finalist Alliance Captain)
Extracurriculars: (I’m sorry 😭😭😭, random order kinda)

1. Co-Founder, Build and Design Team Lead, Driver, and Team Captain of my FTC Robotics Team and 501(c)3 Non-Profit with Benevity (2500+ hours on Fusion 360 across 5 years, Solely responsible for creating new designs, inventorying old designs, backing-up designs, merging designs, and creating individual files for each complied design for over 150 different self-made projects, Coached FLL team that made it to regionals, Coached an FTC team that made it to the finalist alliance and semifinalist alliance in two qualifiers in their rookie year, Raised $10k including $5k from Apple, Created coding and engineering curriculum for local elementary schools and reached out to teach, Created a coding curriculum for unprivileged students in Romania and reached out to an organization in the UK to help organizations access to resources for children in African countries so we could teach them coding with the same curriculum, Neural Networks(Machine Learning) for Computer Vision, In collaboration with other local FTC teams, we created a curriculum for and taught neurodivergent students coding throughout the high school, Taught annual robotics webinar with 50+ attendees totaling around 125)
   
2. Worked with a non-profit created by friends during the summer to create a coding curriculum currently used in 11 countries and personally taught 50 children in the Bay Area
   
3. Social Media Manager for the 2020 Town Mayoral Campaign (sole manager of the campaign social media page, town of 240,000+ residents, gained 25.2% of all votes against current mayor who was rerunning, represented an openly gay mid-20’s candidate)
   
4. DECA (started through DECA program at middle school, finally completed requirements to compete and started competing sophomore year, was unable to attend states that year due to family matters)
   
5. Co-Owner of a business (valued at 30 million, CRN 250 Fastest growing business, Family Business my dad started in 2016 with my uncles, did a full brand image change for them and redid the wireframe for our entire website which is currently being developed, traveled across the country to participate in conferences discussing deals with possible clients including federal, was given partial ownership for my contributions)
   
6. Entrepreneurship Competitions (Competed in the Diamond Challenge (2021) and the Conrad Challenge (2021) as a freshman, Competed in the Blue Ocean Competition (2022 and 2023))
   
7. Co-Founder and Vice-President of Marketing at Medical Club at school (Advertised the club from having only 4 members to having over 150 at our introductory meeting with a current membership of 60+, educate students on various medical career paths while providing experience opportunities, Members can participate in workshops, labs, discussions, research and shadowing opportunities, guest lectures, and internships, Strategically designed social media posts to increase participation by 300%, Communicate with professionals in the medical field to create opportunities for members to witness the medical field)
   
8. Consulting (worked with an internationally acclaimed business on video editing, content creation, blog writing, marketing, advertising, networking, and expanding their community by over 60%)
   
9. Car Club Photographer (Hobbies, Aiding in the planning and documenting of monthly car meets hosted at my school, used to network and meet new people as well as further my knowledge about cars, I want to go into the automotive industry)
   
10. 300+ volunteer hours (undocumented but can be documented if necessary
    
11. Pwnisher’s “Endless Engines” (Hobby, Competed in a 3D animation competition run by YouTuber Pwnisher, Faced 4,200+ other competitors many of whom do similar 3D animation as a career, Put in over 200 hours across 3 weeks)
    

**Certifications:” Entrepreneurship, Marketing II, Robotics II (all issued by YouScience)
Schools: UIUC (double major) University of Washington (double major), Carnegie Mellon, Northwestern University, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor (double major), Babson, MIT, Harvard, Stanford, Cal Tech, Georgia Tech, Duke, Colombia, Boston University, Every UC Except Merced and Riverside, CSU Long Beach, SDSU, SJSU
edit: forgot to put schools lmfao

Episode 42 of Sister Act 40k is live!
u/MitchBeard and Rob were gracious enough to ask me back on the podcast to talk about my latest obsession, Valourous Heart. We talk about the VH lists that Mitch and I have been cooking up, as well as Mitch's run to 3rd place at the recent International Team Tournament supermajor with this new off meta beauty. Enjoy!
https://40ksisters.libsyn.com/teamwork-makes-the-dream-work
Shortly after this podcast was recorded I took my VH list to a local GT and placed 2nd, losing only to the eventual winners Dark Angels on the Scouring!
Army name: VH Central Island Open Factions used: Imperium - Agents of the Imperium, Imperium - Adepta Sororitas Command Points: 6-1-1-1-1=2 Total cost: 2000 pts, 102 PL Reinforcement Points: none pts
Number of Units: 16 Assassination: 25 points Bring it Down: 4 points No Prisoners: 6 points Abhor the Witch: 0 points ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
== Order: Valorous Heart Arks of Omen == 0 CP, 1990 pts, 101 PL
Acolyte (Hot-Shot Lasgun, Needle Pistol), Ordo Xenos [10 pts, 1 PL]
Celestine and Geminae Superia [200 pts, 10 PL] Ephrael Stern and Kyganil of the Bloody Tears [120 pts, 6 PL]
Morvenn Vahl: Warlord Trait: Righteous Rage [280 pts, 14 PL, -1 CP]
HQ4: Palatine: Bolt pistol, Relic: Casket of Penance, Blessing: The Emperor's Grace, Warlord Trait: Beacon of Faith [65 pts, 4 PL, -2 CP]
10x Celestian Sacresant w/ Anointed Halberd [140 pts, 8 PL]
10x Celestian Sacresant w/ Anointed Halberd [140 pts, 8 PL]
10x Celestian Sacresant w/ Anointed Halberd [140 pts, 8 PL]
2xCrusaders [22 pts, 1 PL]
Dogmata: 2. Chorus of Spiritual Fortitude, Relic: Litanies of Faith, War Hymn [65 pts, 4 PL, -1 CP]
Hospitaller [50 pts, 3 PL]
3xParagon (2 Storm Bolters, Multi-melta, Paragon War Blade) [240 pts, 11 PL]
Dominion Superior (Bolt Pistol & Boltgun, Chainsword), 4xDominion w/ Artificer-crafted storm bolter [90 pts, 5 PL]
5xRetributor, Retributor Superior (Bolt Pistol & Boltgun, Chainsword), 4xRetributor w/ Multi-melta, 2xArmourium Cherub, [220 pts, 9 PL]
4xRetributor, Retributor Superior (Bolt Pistol & Boltgun, Chainsword), 4xRetributor w/ Multi-melta, 2xArmourium Cherub, [208 pts, 9 PL]
== Agents of the Imperium Auxiliary Support Detachment == 0 CP, 10 pts, 1 PL
Acolyte (Hot-Shot Lasgun, Needle Pistol), Ordo Xenos [10 pts, 1 PL]
Had a lot of fun, both at the event and on the podcast! If anyone is looking for ways to play sisters in the current murderous Arks of Omen meta, consider giving Valourous Heart a chance!

I’ve been playing around in the talent calculator for Druid in order to help plan out an achievable melee-ranged hybrid style build with only a couple of rarer items or aspects.

• one unique affix is listed, but the build is meant to be viable without it.
  
• +skill amulet will be used to access the other two companions.
  

Is it half baked or fully stoned? Let me know what you think.

Hello All, I have the following up for sale. Shipping starts at $4 plus $1 per game. Happy to discount for bundle deals or payment Paypal F&F. Happy to provide pictures of anything you are interested in, and all games and systems have been tested and confirmed working.
GB/GBC/GBA:
Pokemon Red - loose, $52 Pokemon Yellow - loose, $48 Incredible Crash Dummies - loose, $7 Baseball - loose, $4 Gold GameBoy Advance SP - loose w/ charger and case, $120 Pokemon Emerald - x3 loose copies, x1 Faded Label $165, x1 Very Good $185, x1 Mint $200 Pokemon Leafgreen - loose, $90 Zelda Minish Cap - loose, $80 Pokemon Sapphire - loose, $65 Glacier GBA System - loose w/ intec rechargeable battery pack, $60 Fire Emblem Sacred Stones - loose, $60 Zelda Link to the Past - x2 loose copies, $27/ea Pokemon Mystery Dungeon Red - loose, $26 FF IV Advance - loose, $24 Super Mario Advance 4: SMB 3 - manual only, $5 Sonic Advance 3 - loose, $22 FF I & II Dawn of Souls - loose, $18 Super Mario Advance 2 - loose, $18 Super Mario Advance 3 Yoshi's Island - loose, $16 Super Mario Advance - x2 loose copies, $15/ea Winx Club Quest for the Codex - loose, $10 DBZ Legacy of Goku - loose, $10 Super Monkey Ball Jr - loose, $9 ET the Extra Terrestrial - loose, $3 Golden Sun - loose, $36 Madden '05 - loose, $5 Spiderman - loose, $5 GBC Atomic Purple - loose, $65 GBC Green - loose, $60 Pokemon Silver - loose, $45 Dragon Warrior Monsters - loose, $25 Pokemon Trading Card Game - loose, $23 Harry Potter Chamber of Secrets - loose, $12 Bomberman Max Red Challenger - loose, $10 Tony Hawk 2 - loose, $4 Monsters Inc - loose, $4
GameCube:
Baten Kaitos Origins - Sealed, $200 Zelda Twlight Princess - disc and manual, $90 Indigo Gamecube System - tested w/ both cables and matching official controller, $80 Super Smash Bros Melee - loose, $40 Super Smash Bros Melee Player's Choice - CIB, $60 Zelda Ocarina of Time Master Quest - CIB, $60 Mario Kart Double Dash - loose, $55 Zelda Ocarina of Time Master Quest - loose, $40 Super Mario Strikers - Manual, $20 Pac-Man World 2 - CIB, $17 NBA Courtside 2002 - missing manual, $5 The Incredibles Player's Choice - CIB, $5 Super Smash Bros Melee - CIB, $60 Zelda Windwaker - Disc + Manual, $55 Zelda Windwaker Player's Choice - CIB, $60 Super Smash Bros Melee Player's Choice - missing manual, $55 The Ant Bully - CIB, $6 Surfs Up - CIB, $8 Hello Kitty Roller Rescue - CIB, $60
NES:
NES Classic Edition - system w/ 2 controllers and all chords, $75 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - loose, $8 Barker Bill's Trick Shooting - loose, $7 NFL Football - loose, $6 Super Mario Bros and Duck Hunt - loose, $4
3DS/DS:
Nintendo 3DS Cosmo Black - tested w/ stylus and charger, $130 Pokemon Omega Ruby - x2 CIB Copies, $40/ea Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker - sealed, $35 Pokemon Ultra Sun - loose, $38 Pokemon X - CIB, $35 Pokemon Alpha Sapphire - loose, $30 Pokemon Y - loose, $30 Pokemon Sun - CIB, $24 Pokemon Moon - x2 CIB copies, $22 Zelda A Link Between Worlds - loose, $20 Kirby Triple Deluxe - loose, $17 Mario Party DS - case + manual, $5 Pokemon Black Version 2 - loose, $140 Pokemon HeartGold Version - loose, $115 Pokemon SoulSilver Version - loose, $110 Colbalt & Black Nintendo DS Lite - CIB, $85 Pokemon White - CIB, $100 Pokemon Black - loose, $82 Pokemon Platinum - loose, $85 Pokemon White - loose, $65 Ace Attourney Investigators: Miles Edgeworth - CIB, $60 Pokemon Pearl - loose, $30 The Urbz Sims in the City - loose, $35 Super Mario 64 DS - CIB, $22 New Super Mario Bros - loose, $12 Metroid Prime Hunters (First Hunt) - loose, $9 Cooking Mama 2 Dinner With Friends - loose, $8 Bratz 4 Real - CIB, $7 My Baby Boy - CIB, $7 Nintendogs Dachshund and Friends - CIB, $8 Avatar: The Game - loose, $5 Imagine Animal Doctor - CIB, $4 Hannah Montana - loose, $2
PSP:
Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 2: Innocent Sin (Limited Edition) - CIB, $180 Shin Megami Tensei: Persona (Soundtrack Bundle) - CIB, $145 Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3 Portable - CIB, $130 Legend of Heroes III Song of the Ocean - loose, $100 PSP 2000 Limited Edition Star Wars Battlefront Version (White) - loose w/ charger and paperwork one battery cover is mismatched, $90 Metal Gear Acid 2 - CIB, $45 Midnight Club 3 DUB Edition - CIB, $25 Gurumin A Monstrous Adventure - loose, $20 NFL Street 3 - CIB, $16 Spectral Souls - loose, $15 Need for Speed Carbon Own the City - CIB, $12 Need for Speed Most Wanted 5-1-0 - CIB, $12 Dissidia Final Fantasy - CIB, $10 Medal of Honor Heroes - CIB, $7 SOCOM US Navy Seals Fireteam Bravo 2 - CIB, $5 SOCOM US Navy Seals Tactical Strike - CIB, $5 Regoku II Stairway to H.E.A.V.E.N - loose, $5
PS1:
Suikoden - CIB, $65 Star Ocean - The Second Story - CIB, $65 Lunar 2 Eternal Blue Complete - CIB, $200 Wild Arms 2 - CIB, $38 Lunar Silver Star Story - Box + Book, $40 Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain - CIB, $35 Disruptor - CIB, $30 Metal Gear Solid (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $30 Legacy of Kain Soul Reaver - CIB, $28 Ninja Shadow of Darkness - CIB, $22 Gex - CIB, $18 Oddworld Abe's Oddysee (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $15 Spyro the Dragon (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $15 Star Wars Masters of Teras Kasi - CIB, $15 Contra Legacy of War - CIB, $13 Tomb Raider (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $12 Oddworld Abes Exoddus - CIB, $12 Rayman - CIB, $11 One - CIB, $10 Blaster Master Blasting Again - CIB, $9 Shadow Master - CIB, $9 Frogger - CIB, $8 Crash Bandicoot 2 Cortex Strikes Back (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $7 Ten Pin Alley - CIB, $5 Total Eclipse Turbo (Long Box) - disc and Manual, $4 NFL GameDay 99 - CIB, $3
N64:
Banjo-Kazooie Player's Choice - x2 loose, $25/ea Star Wars Episode 1 Racer - cart + manual, $15 Namco Museum - loose, $8 NFL Quarterback Club 2000 - loose, $4 Wheel of Fortune - loose, $8 Madden Football 64 - loose, $3
PS2:
Tales of the Abyss - CIB, $40 Rogue Galaxy - CIB, $18 Tokyo Xtreme Racer Zero - sealed, $70 Shining Tears - CIB, $55 The Punisher - CIB, $46 Klonoa 2 - CIB, $45 Soul Calibur II (Greatest Hits) - sealed, Blood Omen 2 - CIB, $ WWE Smackdown Here Comes the Pain (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $30 Deus Ex: The Conspiracy - CIB, $25 God of War (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $24 Shining Force EXA - loose, $22 Castlevania Lament of Innocence - CIB, $22 Zone of the Enders 2nd Runner - CIB, $22 Dragon Ball Z Budokai 2 - CIB, $22 Legacy of Kain Soul Reaver 2 - CIB, $20 Spiderman 2 - CIB, $18 Legacy of Kain Defiance - CIB, $16 Rayman 2 Revolution - CIB, $16 Ghost Rider - CIB, $15 Bloodrayne - CIB, $15 Shining Force Neo - loose, $15 Bloodrayne 2 - CIB, $14 Kingdom Hearts - CIB, $14 God of War 2 (2 Disc Set) - CIB, $14 Ratchet & Clank - missing manual, $14 WWE Smackdown Shut Your Mouth - missing manual, $13 Shadow of Colossus - CIB, $13 Resident Evil Outbreak - loose, $13 Zone of the Enders Blade II - CIB, $13 Metal Gear Solid 3 Snake Eater - CIB, $10 Resident Evil Code Veronica X - CIB, $10 Mega Man X Collection - CIB, $10 Gauntlet Seven Sorrows - CIB, $10 Gungriffon Blaze - CIB, $10 Jak and Daxter The Precursor Legacy - CIB, $10 Twisted Metal Black - CIB, $10 Star Wars Racer Revenge - CIB, $10 Kingdom Hearts 2 (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $8 MDK 2 Armageddon - CIB, $8 Van Helsing - CIB, $8 Orphen Scion of Sorcery - CIB, $8 Tony Hawk 3 - CIB, $8 24 the Game - CIB, $8 Metal Gear Solid 2 - CIB, $8 The Mummy Returns - missing manual, $8 Dynasty Warriors 4 - CIB, $8 NHL 2K6 - sealed, $10 Rune Viking Warlord - CIB, $8 Killzone - CIB, $8 Soul Calibur III - CIB, $8 Onimusha 2 - CIB, $8 Black - CIB, $8 Gran Turismo 4 - CIB, $8 Legion Legend of Excalibur - CIB, $8 Dead to Rights (Greatest Hits) - CIB, $8
PS Vita:
PlayStation Vita WiFi Edition - w/ manuals and charger and Uncharted: Golden Abyss, $135
32X:
Doom - loose, $12
Sega CD:
Sewer Shark - CIB, $15 Jurassic Park - CIB, $15
Game Gear:
Sonic the Hedgehog: Triple Trouble - cart and Manual, $17 Sonic Chaos - cart and Manual, $14 Jurassic Park - cart, $8 Sonic the Hedgehog 2 - cart and Manual, $6
Sega Genesis:
Phantasy Star IV - cart, $60 Shining Force II - cart, $55 OutRun - cart, $38 Rocket Knight Adventures - cart, $33 Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 - cart, $26 Sonic the Hedgehog 3 - cart, $24 Streets of Rage - cart, $20 T2 The Arcade Game - CIB, $18 Stargate - Missing Manual, $18 Prince of Persia - cart, $16 Ecco the Dolphin - CIB, $16 Sonic the Hedgehog (Not for Resale) - CIB, $16 Home Alone - cart, $16 Sonic the Hedgehog 2 - CIB, $15 X-Men 2 The Clone Wars - cart, $15 Taz-Mania - Missing Manual, $13 Super Street Fighter II - cart, $13 Sonic Spinball - CIB, $13 B.O.B. - cart, $13 Virtua Fighter 2 - cart, $12 Art Alive - CIB, $12 Aladdin - CIB, $12 Marble Madness - cart, $11 Batman Returns - cart, $11 Virtual Pinball - CIB, $10 Aladdin - Missing Manual, $10 6-Pak - cart, $10 FIFA International Soccer - CIB, $10 Altered Beast - cart, $8 Jurassic Park - cart, $8 Pitfall Mayan Adventure - cart, $8 NCAA Final Four Basketball - cart, $8 Clue - Cart w/ Manual, $8 Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (Not for Resale) - cart, $8 Bubsy - cart, $8 NHL 95 - cart, $8 FIFA International Soccer - Cart w/ Manual, $7 NBA Jam - cart, $7 Ecco the Dolphin - cart, $7 Mortal Kombat 3 - cart, $7 Jungle Strike - cart, $7 NHLPA Hockey '93 - Cart w/ Manual, $7 Sub Terrania - cart, $7 Clue - cart, $4 World Series Baseball 96 - cart, $4 Caesar's Palace - cart, $2
Sega Saturn:
Dragon Force - loose, $100 Saturn 3-Pack - CIB, $25
Super Nintendo:
Final Fantasy III - CIB, $260 Donkey Kong Country - CIB, $75 Zelda Link to the Past - cart, $30 Mega Man X - cart, $30 Super Mario World - cart and manual, $24 Donkey Kong Country - cart and manual, $24 Mario Paint - cart w/ mouse and mousepad, $22 Donkey Kong Country 2 - cart, $20 We're Back A Dinosaur Story - cart and manual, $18 Super Mario All-Stars (Players Choice) - cart, $18 NHL 96 - CIB, $18 Tecmo Super Bowl III - cart, $18 Primal Rage - cart and manual, $15 AAAHH Real Monsters - cart and manual, $15 Mortal Kombat II - cart, $15 Mighty Morphin Power Rangers - cart, $14 Killer Instinct - cart, $14 Super Bases Loaded 2 - CIB, $12 Adventures of Mighty Max - cart, $2 Family Dog - cart, $12 NBA Live 98 - cart, $12 Samurai Shodown - cart, $10 Primal Rage - cart, $10 Brutal Paws of Fury - cart, $10 Pro Sport Hockey - cart, $8 Taz-Mania - cart, $8 Super Off Road The Baja - cart, $8 Jungle Strike - cart, $8 Monopoly - cart, $2
Switch:
Fortnite: Darkfire - Sealed, $45
Strategy Guides:
Suikoden IV (Bradygames) - $28 Zelda: Collector's Edition Player's Guide - $25 Shining Force EXA (Bradygames) - $20 Zelda: Twilight Princess Wii Version (Prima) - $10 Shining Tears (Bradygames) - $8 Shining Force Neo (Bradygames) - $8 Pokemon Yellow (Prima) - $32 Pokemon (Prima) - $ Star Wars Rouge Squadron II Rouge Leader (Players Guide) - $12 Ninja Shadow of Darkness (Prima) - $15 Legacy of Kane Soul Reaver (Prima) - $14 Contra: Shattered Soldier (Brady) - $14 Wild Arms 2 (Versus) - $50 Silent Hill 3 (Brady) - $60 Final Fantasy IX (Bradygames)- $18 Dino Crisis (Prima) - $25

Now that I have your attention I’m looking for a fun-handling car for daily driving that is kind of unique and cool. i hope to turn my boring commute into something I enjoy and is less than 50k$
Things I need are for the car to be reliable like 120k+ miles without any problems over 7ish years. Comfortable, not luxurious, Just comfortable. I just need good ride quality so I don’t have to worry about hitting every bump and hole. But leather and how it’s stitched don’t matter to me. Also, apple car play is a must.
Now for my wants of course I want it to be fast. 300hp+ or sub 5s 0-60 fast would be satisfactory but faster is better. RWD or AWD is preferred. Also, good tech is a big plus. my preference would be a sedan but if the performance is great enough I don’t mind a coupe or hatch.
I’m happy with buying a used and going below budget to afford mods(performance or luxury) but a new car or at least one with a warranty will always be better. if the car is fast enough and in warranty I don't want any power mods to not affect the warranty. I'm also looking at buying the car in texas.
Now for personal stuff. I’m an 18-year-old with daddy’s money staying at home in texas for college but planning to transfer out of the city. This car will be commuting me downtown for college almost every day for an hour+ drive. I’ll take this car with friends, gym, work, etc. As I said 4 seats aren’t needed but it’s good to have them occasionally. If I do get something sporty my siblings/parents will also drive it once in a while. my current car is a 2009 es350 that served me well but I want something that makes commuting feel like less of a task and more fun.
what is fun?: a quick 0-60 and winning street drag races aren't what I need. something with short gear that constantly requires my attention and makes me smile then speeds up when the road gets curvy. but also cant be unbearable going 40mph in downtown traffic for 30 min straight.
Now what is on my list
model 3 Performance: top of my list cause its fun in the sense of the acceleration but the regular joys of a gar car are gone. they fit almost all of my requirements and for the long drives to college one with autopilot would be nice. one thing I'm not sure of is reliability because I have heard some horror stories and my dad is anti-electric. if I do buy it will be used with sub 10k miles like https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/inventorylisting/vdp.action?listingId=342178349#listing=342178349
2022+ g70 3.3T sports prestige: for a gas car this is my top choice because I get a lot of the things I am asking for. It's a unique car but also kinda unknown. I have also heard great things about its handling and the warranty is really good. tho KDM cars have had a bad rep in the past for reliability so idk what to think of it on that front. it is also cheaper than competitors like M340i, C43, S5, etc... but also the slowest of them all I'm not planning on racing anyone so idk.https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/inventorylisting/viewDetailsFilterViewInventoryListing.action?zip=77407&distance=200&entitySelectingHelper.selectedEntity=d2701#listing=343086098/NONE
2019+ m240i: the cheapest car I got and maybe one of the slowest. over time I will 100% add power mods to the car. I chose 2 series over 3 because I feel the handling difference is large enough that it is worth the sacrifice. also with the saved money, I get a good budget for mods. tho because it's a BMW I'm inclined not to mod it and instead save it for maintenance. do yall really think I can put 150K miles on the car without it exploding?https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/inventorylisting/viewDetailsFilterViewInventoryListing.action?zip=77407&distance=200&entitySelectingHelper.selectedEntity=d2262#listing=352634841/NONE
2022+ m240i: this is over budget but 2022 used ones with relatively high miles dip below 50k sometimes. this is perfect in every aspect of luxury and performance(no shit it's a BMW) but I also have some major concerns about the cost of maintenance and longevity of the car. also compared to the g70 im getting more of everything but is the price jump and reliability drop worth ithttps://www.cargurus.com/Cars/inventorylisting/viewDetailsFilterViewInventoryListing.action?zip=77407&maxPrice=50000&distance=200&entitySelectingHelper.selectedEntity=d2262#listing=353357237/NONE
Audi s4/s5: more like the Bmw but cheaper and I think more reliable. luxury factor in the ride is also a big plus. feels like a tamer m340i and tame isn't really what I want https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/inventorylisting/viewDetailsFilterViewInventoryListing.action?zip=77407&maxPrice=50000&maxMileage=39000&wheelSystems=ALL_WHEEL_DRIVE&installedOptionIds=142&showNegotiable=true&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C280&engineParameters=V6%2C3.2%2C270&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C272&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C240&engineParameters=V6%2C3.2%2C250&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C340&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C220&engineParameters=V6%2C3.6%2C280&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C310&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C354&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C300&engineParameters=V6%2C3.2%2C265&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C443&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C333&engineParameters=V6%2C2.7%2C250&engineParameters=V6%2C3.2%2C255&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C335&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C225&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C349&engineParameters=V6%2C3.0%2C329&engineParameters=V6%2C2.9%2C444&sortDir=ASC&sourceContext=untrackedWithinSite_false_0&bodyTypeGroupIds=0&distance=200&sortType=DEAL_RATING_RPL&entitySelectingHelper.selectedEntity=d30#listing=344594510/NONE
(idk why this link is so long)
A6: very tame and very luxurious. also on the cheaper side compared to S5. but it still has ok performance is it enough performance? why not have more https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/inventorylisting/viewDetailsFilterViewInventoryListing.action?zip=77407&distance=200&entitySelectingHelper.selectedEntity=m19#listing=349927555/NONE
Lexis overall: it is a good car (IS, RC, GS) but their performance cars aren't performancey enough, the interior feels outdated in IS, and newer cars are too expensive. if I do get a Lexus it would be a 2011 Is-f then spend like 10k modding it.
I also have this deep desire to buy an old jdm car for a chap that will probably only last me like 3-5 years like an Mr2, s2000, 3000gt ect cause they look cool. and if they some how to survive my 100k mile journey they get turned into a nitrous power missile till it blows up.
most of this was just me rambling to clear my thoughts so mind my grammar and horrible formatting. if u got any more questions of course ask and please hit that subscribe button and like this, if you also hate spec sheet nerds.